[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.jmpas.cz\/polyethylen-nejcasteji-vyuzivany-plast\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.jmpas.cz\/polyethylen-nejcasteji-vyuzivany-plast\/","headline":"Polyethylen \u2013 nej\u010dast\u011bji vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd plast","name":"Polyethylen \u2013 nej\u010dast\u011bji vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd plast","description":"Polyethylen se zrodil ze sv\u00e9ho mate\u0159sk\u00e9ho ethylenu. Jde o celkem levn\u00fd petrochemick\u00fd produkt, jeho\u017e cena je dlouhodob\u011b stabiln\u00ed, zhruba kolem 27 korun za 1 kg plastu, co\u017e je asi dvojn\u00e1sobek ceny tzv. prim\u00e1rn\u00edho benz\u00ednu. V\u00fdhodou ethylenu je jeho dob\u0159e vyu\u017eiteln\u00e1 reaktivita symetrick\u00e9 chemick\u00e9 vazby C=C. Polyethylen se vyr\u00e1b\u00ed bu\u010f jako velmi m\u011bkk\u00fd materi\u00e1l (r\u016fzn\u00e9 druhy…","datePublished":"2025-02-26","dateModified":"2023-04-30","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.jmpas.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"jmpas.cz\n","url":"https:\/\/www.jmpas.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/3c4e99fa9a9806cd5e8fd7cac6ca73ff5bbf5f3ee309e1745415eebd31482909?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/3c4e99fa9a9806cd5e8fd7cac6ca73ff5bbf5f3ee309e1745415eebd31482909?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"jmpas.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.jmpas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a308287_w2123_t1519408650.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.jmpas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a308287_w2123_t1519408650.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.jmpas.cz\/polyethylen-nejcasteji-vyuzivany-plast\/","about":["Technika"],"wordCount":402,"articleBody":" Polyethylen se zrodil ze sv\u00e9ho mate\u0159sk\u00e9ho ethylenu. Jde o celkem levn\u00fd petrochemick\u00fd produkt, jeho\u017e cena je dlouhodob\u011b stabiln\u00ed, zhruba kolem 27 korun za 1 kg plastu, co\u017e je asi dvojn\u00e1sobek ceny tzv. prim\u00e1rn\u00edho benz\u00ednu. V\u00fdhodou ethylenu je jeho dob\u0159e vyu\u017eiteln\u00e1 reaktivita symetrick\u00e9 chemick\u00e9 vazby C=C. Polyethylen se vyr\u00e1b\u00ed bu\u010f jako velmi m\u011bkk\u00fd materi\u00e1l (r\u016fzn\u00e9 druhy obal\u016f), nebo ve form\u011b tvrd\u00fdch a pevn\u00fdch v\u00fdlisk\u016f. Z polyethylenu m\u00e1me nap\u0159. d\u011btsk\u00e1 odr\u00e1\u017eedla, nebo dokonce k\u00e1noe a kajaky pro rekrea\u010dn\u00ed i sportovn\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed. Existuj\u00ed v z\u00e1sad\u011b t\u0159i z\u00e1kladn\u00ed druhy polyethylenu: N\u00edzkohustotn\u00ed (LDPE), vysokohustotn\u00ed (HDPE) a Line\u00e1rn\u00ed n\u00edzkohustotn\u00ed polyethylen (LLDPE). LDPE Nejstar\u0161\u00ed typ polyethylenu je n\u00edzkohustotn\u00ed. Je velmi m\u011bkk\u00fd a ohebn\u00fd a vyr\u00e1b\u00ed se z n\u011bj za p\u0159isp\u011bn\u00ed vysokotlak\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm obalov\u00fd materi\u00e1l, tedy balic\u00ed f\u00f3lie, pytle na odpadky, p\u0159ikr\u00fdvky pro zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 a zahradnick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely. Hustota tohoto materi\u00e1lu je zhruba 925 kg na krychlov\u00fd metr. Molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed struktury tohoto polymeru LDPE jsou velmi rozv\u011btven\u00e9. HDPE Velmi pevn\u00fd a neohebn\u00fd plast je naopak vysokohustotn\u00ed polyethylen. V jeho molekul\u00e1ch najdeme jen minim\u00e1ln\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed bo\u010dn\u00edch \u0159et\u011bzc\u016f, t\u00edm p\u00e1dem se jeho hustota pohybuje kolem 950 \u2013 1100 kg na krychlov\u00fd metr. V\u00fdrobky z HDPE jsou nej\u010dast\u011bji plastov\u00e9 lahve, vodovodn\u00ed a odpadov\u00e9 potrub\u00ed, kontejnery na t\u0159\u00edd\u011bn\u00fd odpad, plastov\u00e9 p\u0159epravky na ovoce, n\u011bkter\u00e9 d\u011btsk\u00e9 hra\u010dky, polyethylenov\u00e9 lod\u011b, atd. HDPE se tvo\u0159\u00ed bu\u010f tzv. suspenzn\u00ed v\u00fdrobou, nebo v\u00fdrobou ve f\u00e1zi plynn\u00e9. Oba v\u00fdrobn\u00ed procesy vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed tzv. Phillips\u016fv katalyz\u00e1tor na b\u00e1zi chromu, nebo Ziegler\u016fv katalyz\u00e1tor s vyu\u017eit\u00edm titanov\u00e9 vlo\u017eky. LLDPE Line\u00e1rn\u00ed n\u00edzkohustotn\u00ed polyethylen je zn\u00e1m pom\u011brn\u011b kr\u00e1tkou dobu. Strukturou se podob\u00e1 HDPE, ale u mal\u00e9ho po\u010dtu bo\u010dn\u00edch \u0159et\u011bzc\u016f je pom\u011brn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e1 krystalinita. Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se hlavn\u011b ve sm\u011bs\u00edch pro v\u00fdrobu v\u00edcevrstv\u00fdch profil\u016f nebo pevn\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f s tenkou vrstvou plastu. V praxi se s n\u00edm setk\u00e1v\u00e1me ve form\u011b r\u016fzn\u00fdch dekl\u016f a v\u00edk krabic, p\u0159epravek a beden, a tak\u00e9 se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 na plastov\u00e1 v\u00ed\u010dka lahv\u00ed.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        4\/5 - (5 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Polyethylen \u2013 nej\u010dast\u011bji vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd plast","item":"https:\/\/www.jmpas.cz\/polyethylen-nejcasteji-vyuzivany-plast\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]